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63rd SESSION OF THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
FIRST COMMITTEE: "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT"

STATEMENT BY H.E. ARCHBISHOP CELESTINO MIGLIORE,
APOSTOLIC NUNCIO, PERMANENT OBSERVER OF THE HOLY SEE*

New York, 7 October 2008

 

Sir, my Delegation wishes to congratulate you on your election as Chairman of this Committee and assure you and the entire Bureau of its cooperation.

Two months from now, we will be celebrating the sixtieth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This event invites us to a renewed commitment to disarmament, development and peace. All States are called upon to promote disarmament and non-proliferation as key elements of an international order in which the fundamental rights and freedoms of every person can be fully realized.

Peace and security are threatened by terrorism and, even more, by widespread violence, neglect of human rights and underdevelopment. As the human person is the ultimate aim of all public policies, arms regulation, disarmament and non-proliferation must have an interdisciplinary or, more importantly, a human approach. Without consideration of the social, economic, psychological and ethical impact of armaments, policies on disarmament and non-proliferation become a game of armed truce between States.

Indeed, we see a conflict emerging between security and military policies. The international community strives to fight nuclear terrorism with the adoption of stringent norms banning the production, possession and transfer of such arms. On the other hand, however, not a few States pursue the renewal or the acquisition of nuclear arsenals at the national level. Consequently, a kind of conflict between security policies and development appears to emerge as well. States, and especially the major Powers, aspire in the nuclear sector to maximum national freedom and, at the same time, to incisive forms of international and regional monitoring.

This approach explains also in large part the scarce interest in fully complying with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and reaching the necessary quorum for the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, which contradicts the spirit of the United Nations and is not the way to build a durable and lasting peace. Arms regulation, nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation are key elements of a global strategy in favour of human rights, development and international order.

Despite the negative trend against multilateralism, this past spring in Dublin a group of 107 States, with the support of 20 observer States, international organizations and a coalition of non-governmental organizations, adopted the Convention on Cluster Munitions, which will be opened for signing on 3 December 2008 in Oslo. As a member of the core group of the Oslo process, the Holy See is particularly pleased with this achievement. The new Convention, besides filling a serious gap in humanitarian law, provides a strong and realistic solution to an ongoing problem, characterized not only by the indiscriminate use of cluster munitions, but also by the fact that they can rest undetonated on the ground for many years and, once disturbed, can devastatingly affect the daily lives of thousands of civilians around the globe.

The Oslo process not only represents an important political and legal step forward, but is also a warning signal. As a matter of fact, like the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, the Convention on Cluster Munitions has been negotiated and adopted outside the Conference on Disarmament. As emphasized by the General Assembly at its sixty-second session, multilateralism is the core principle in resolving disarmament and non-proliferation concerns. The Holy See shares this view and supports the plan for a fourth special session of the General Assembly on disarmament, which could foster multilateralism within international organizations and in particular the Conference on Disarmament.

On the other hand, the Holy See is concerned about the erosion of multilateralism in the areas of arms regulation, disarmament and non-proliferation. The Conference on Disarmament has not had a programme of work for more than 10 years, and the lack of political will in the international community regarding these projects is disconcerting. It is well known that more progress can be made with an approach based on responsible, honest and coherent dialogue and the cooperation of all the members of the international community than with individualized and contrasting approaches.

The adoption of the arms trade treaty is uncertain. Greater transparency, given the enhanced complexity of the arms trade, linked also to an increase in the exchange of so-called dual-use goods and technologies, would contribute to actual security and provide the premises for a future limitation of the arms trade. In this perspective, it seems opportune to recall General Assembly resolutions 62/13, on objective information on military matters, including transparency of military expenditures, and 62/26 on national legislation on transfer of arms, military equipment and dual-use goods and technologies.

Finally, disarmament is becoming an increasingly complex issue, which brings us back to more general problems, such as the reform of this Organization, the procedural and structural reform of the Conference on Disarmament, the tendency for civil and military economies to overlap, and the scarce coherence of the policies adopted in strategic sectors.

In this context, the Holy See calls upon the international community to show greater sensitivity and to make greater efforts in promoting the peaceful coexistence and survival of the entire human family, and believes that the best formula for success is cooperation and partnership among States, the United Nations, international organizations and civil society.


*A/C.1/63/PV.3 p.20-21.

 

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