| Key to Pronunciation Symbols
| u |
sofa (sO´fu), item (I´tum), easily (E´zulE),
cannon (kan´un), circus (sûr´kus) |
| a |
act (akt), bat (bat) |
| A |
ape (Ap), fail (fAl), day (dA) |
| â |
air (âr), care (kâr) |
| ä |
art (ärt), father (fä´ður) |
| b |
back (bak), labor (lA´bur), cab (kab) |
| ch |
chin (chin), hatchet (hach´ut), rich (rich) |
| d |
dock (dok), lady (lA´dE), sad (sad) |
| e |
end (end), steady (sted´E), met (met) |
| E |
eve (Ev), clear (klEr), see (sE) |
| f |
fat (fat), phase (fAz), cough (kôf) |
| g |
get (get), bigger (big´ur), tag (tag) |
| h |
hand (hand), ahead (uhed´) |
| hw |
wheel (hwEl), which (hwich) |
| i |
it (it), pill (pil), mirror (mir´ur) |
| I |
iron (I´urn), eye (I), buyer (bI´ur) |
| j |
jam (jam), ginger (jin´jur), edge (ej) |
| k |
kit (kit), tackle (tak´ul), cook (kook) |
| l |
little (lit´ul), holly (hol´E), pull (pool) |
| m |
man (man), hammer (ham´ur), climb (klIm) |
| n |
new (noo), known (nOn), winner (win´ur) |
| ng |
singing (sing´ing), finger (fing´gur),
sang (sang), sank (sangk) |
| o |
hot (hot), body (bod´E) |
| O |
over (O´vur), hope (hOp), grow (grO) |
| ô |
orbit (ôr´bit), fall (fôl), saw (sô) |
| oo |
foot (foot), wolf (woolf),
put (poot), pure (pyoor) |
| OO |
boot (bOOt), lose (lOOz), drew (drOO),
true (trOO) |
| oi |
oil (oil), royal (roi´ul), boy (boi) |
| ou |
out (out), crowd (kroud), how (hou) |
| p |
pipe (pIp), happy (hap´E) |
| r |
road (rOd), appeared (upErd´),
carpenter (kär´puntur) |
| s |
so (sO), cite (sIt), baste (bAst) |
| sh |
shall (shal), sure (shOOr), nation (nA´shun) |
| t |
tight (tIt), better (bet´ur), talked (tôkt) |
| th |
thin (thin), bath (bath) |
| ð |
then (ðen), father (fä´ður), bathe (bAð) |
| u |
but (but), flood (flud), some (sum) |
| û |
curl (kûrl), girl (gûrl), fern (fûrn),
worm (wûrm) |
| v |
vest (vest), trivial (triv´Eul), eve (Ev) |
| w |
wax (waks), twins (twinz), coward
(kou´urd) |
| y |
you (yOO), onion (un´yun) |
| z |
zipper (zip´ur), ease (Ez), treads (tredz) |
| zh |
pleasure (plezh´ur), rouge (rOOzh) |
Foreign Sounds
| ö |
as in French peu (pö), German Goethe (gö´tu) |
| ü |
as in French Cluny (klünE´) |
| kh |
as in German ach (äkh), ich (ikh); Scottish loch (lokh) |
| N |
this symbol indicates that the preceding vowel is nasal as in French cinq
(saNk), un (öN), sans (säN), tombe (tôNb), en (äN) |
Accents and Hyphens
| ´ |
primary accent, written after accented vowel or syllable: Nebraska (nubras´ku), James Buchanan (byOOka´nun) |
| " |
secondary accent: Mississippi (mis"us-sip´E) |
| |
dash, replacing obvious portion of pronunciation: hegemony (hijem´unE,
hE, hej´umO"nE, heg´u) |
| - |
hyphen, to prevent ambiguity in syllabification: Erlanger (ûr´lang-ur),
dishearten (dis-här´tun) |
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